{"id":3344,"date":"2020-03-28T15:47:10","date_gmt":"2020-03-28T14:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/?p=3344"},"modified":"2020-03-29T10:29:13","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T08:29:13","slug":"%e7%b5%b1%e8%a8%88-%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e5%b7%ae%e6%98%af%e9%99%a4%e4%bb%a5-n-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/index.php\/%e7%b5%b1%e8%a8%88-%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e5%b7%ae%e6%98%af%e9%99%a4%e4%bb%a5-n-1\/","title":{"rendered":"[\u7d71\u8a08] \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u8981\u9664\u4ee5 n-1 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u60f3\u8981\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u4e26\u4e14\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u7fd2\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.udn.com\/nilnimest\/92412101\">\u4f8b\u5982\u9023\u7d50<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u63a8\u5c0e\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u53d6\u6750\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u7531 Michael J. Evans and Jeffrey S.Rosenthal \u8457\u4f5c\u7684 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.utstat.toronto.edu\/mikevans\/jeffrosenthal\/book.pdf\">Probability and Statistic, The Science of Uncertainty<\/a> \u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u9ede\u64ca\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\u5047\u8a2d <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b170995d512c659d8668b4e42e1fef6b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u662f\u53d6\u6a23\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u6578\uff0c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-998dba373bb08119e12a646c873be88c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#88;&#95;&#105;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u662f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9fd342e7b8683328944fec246354c1d1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#105;&#46;&#105;&#46;&#100;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"32\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u53d6\u6a23\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5448\u73fe\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7528 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ce4693a48454b97ee23f912b72e8f16d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#78;&#40;&#92;&#109;&#117;&#44;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u8868\u793a\uff0c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cf0ee8ccdc4cee8135a996d7ca5b5dbf_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#105;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#123;&#49;&#44;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#44;&#110;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"80\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4ccfb3100fd0179974f316d7de2e7c47_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u70ba\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 37px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (1) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b26b57da63d7bf3da66bb6552160494_l3.png\" height=\"37\" width=\"147\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#88;&#95;&#49;&#43;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#43;&#88;&#95;&#110;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\u6839\u64da\u9ad8\u65af\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u662f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-77dc89fe28a57f9402eeee41399feb96_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#109;&#32;&#78;&#40;&#92;&#109;&#117;&#44;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"24\" width=\"106\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u6642\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4f86\u505a\u9810\u6e2c\u6bcd\u9ad4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u6642\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u6bcd\u9ad4\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6578 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6a987274197f5fb6bfd3855d351bc2af_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6578 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a9d6e6825a5fdea164a9b38f0ee91d43_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u4f86\u505a\u4f30\u8a08\u55ce\uff1f\n<a name=\"id4253611050\"><\/a><p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 39px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (2) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5fd895616e6920e4841327ff11693980_l3.png\" height=\"39\" width=\"166\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;&#61;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#94;&#110;&#95;&#123;&#105;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#40;&#88;&#95;&#105;&#45;&#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\u6b64\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u5148\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u500b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a9d6e6825a5fdea164a9b38f0ee91d43_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u7684\u5206\u4f48\u9577\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\uff1f\u7d93\u904e\u63a8\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u77e5\u6a23\u672c\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u5448\u73fe Chi-Square \u81ea\u7531\u5ea6 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f30b71e7fcec69d119f30f67cf09c975_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#110;&#45;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/> \u7684\u5206\u4f48 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-22bad813201fa3e82a4f27384c8f62b1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#109;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#94;&#50;&#40;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"24\" width=\"134\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5229\u7528 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4cbe148bd9da75d2e668ddd0223dbf9f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7279\u6027\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 22px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (3) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d6da55f6b4db1c44ab0b88ead78b5243_l3.png\" height=\"22\" width=\"161\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#69;&#91;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#94;&#50;&#40;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#41;&#93;&#61;&#110;&#45;&#49; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u6a23\u672c\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6703\u8207\u6bcd\u9ad4\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 36px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (4) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-339bc676d4ed8a55e248cb3c2fa8d441_l3.png\" height=\"36\" width=\"129\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#69;&#91;&#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;&#93;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\u6240\u4ee5\u5957\u7528\u7b2c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f603b2bb9694de9696b940f73e02252d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#50;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"21\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 105px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (5) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-32f15da2f95af576278f83a1ed79e525_l3.png\" height=\"105\" width=\"355\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#97;&#108;&#105;&#103;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#69;&#91;&#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;&#93;&#32;&#38;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#69;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#32;&#91;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#95;&#123;&#105;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#40;&#88;&#95;&#105;&#45;&#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#93;&#32;&#92;&#92; &#38;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#69;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#32;&#91;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#95;&#123;&#105;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#40;&#88;&#95;&#105;&#45;&#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#32;&#93; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#97;&#108;&#105;&#103;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7bc4\u7587\u88e1\u9762\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u91cf\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6642\u5019\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 50px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (6) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-552de3710f4d40325edd8f5d54d36605_l3.png\" height=\"50\" width=\"151\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#95;&#123;&#105;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#40;&#88;&#95;&#105;&#45;&#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;&#41;&#94;&#50; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u53d6\u6a23\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u7a76\u7adf\u6a23\u672c\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u597d\u4f30\u8a08\u6bcd\u9ad4\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8a08\u7b97\u6a23\u672c\u8b8a\u7570\u6578\u4e26\u4e14\u7d93\u904e\u8c9d\u7d22\u6821\u6e96 (Bessel Correction)\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u8b49\u660e\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-aeba3a8cbfa96b8991bba189fd7799de_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#94;&#50;&#40;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"73\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u5206\u4f48\u7684\u63a8\u5c0e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684 Proof of Theorem 4.6.6\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u8b49\u660e\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6e96\u5099\u597d Chi-Square \u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff1a<\/p>\n<h5>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\uff1a<\/h5>\n\n\n\n\u6211\u5011\u5148\u8aaa\u660e chi-square distribution with <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b170995d512c659d8668b4e42e1fef6b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> degrees of freedom \u6216\u662f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ea3d1978ea654b341e1da18a254bace3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#94;&#50;&#40;&#110;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"43\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u6216\u662f chi-squared(<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b170995d512c659d8668b4e42e1fef6b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>)\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-761fd3ca09ad29ba6f86aa02ff540254_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#90;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"12\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5206\u4f48\uff1a\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 22px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (7) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f1f1300f11565c58bd5f8c1d9fbc53ab_l3.png\" height=\"22\" width=\"186\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#90;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#88;&#94;&#50;&#95;&#49;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#88;&#94;&#50;&#95;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#88;&#94;&#50;&#95;&#110; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\u9019\u908a\u5047\u8a2d\u53d6\u6a23\u7684\u503c <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ca846c890362c185569ee3c28e56d38a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#88;&#95;&#49;&#44;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#44;&#88;&#95;&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"76\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u662f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9fd342e7b8683328944fec246354c1d1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#105;&#46;&#105;&#46;&#100;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"32\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u800c\u4e14\u662f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-642c26257e430bf7e90d8add64ef0a24_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#78;&#40;&#48;&#44;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"55\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>\u3002\n\n\n\n<h5>\u5b9a\u7406\u4e00\uff1a(\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u7d44\u5408\u4e5f\u662f\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u4f48)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n\u5047\u8a2d <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b326dc96f1c424edfb93e8ac6c72015_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#88;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#109;&#32;&#78;&#40;&#92;&#109;&#117;&#95;&#105;&#44;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#95;&#105;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"115\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u4e14 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e60f0aed7537866776b49c3a10f3c6fc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#105;&#61;&#49;&#44;&#50;&#44;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#44;&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u4e92\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u96a8\u6a5f\u8b8a\u6578 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4c2adbcb31f377b35f19905f2a2b811c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#89;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#97;&#95;&#105;&#88;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#98;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"130\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2346ca2014d52e5ee3e0dd9f8490f71f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#123;&#97;&#95;&#105;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u8207 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f56d50c26583f9a035ff6b4e3c0ca5c0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#98;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"8\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u90fd\u662f\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u5247\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 54px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (8) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-77940d009a1ab2dc3c43e5d8d6b0a794_l3.png\" height=\"54\" width=\"256\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#89;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#109;&#32;&#78;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#40;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#97;&#95;&#105;&#92;&#109;&#117;&#95;&#105;&#41;&#43;&#98;&#44;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#95;&#105;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#32;&#41; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5169\u500b\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u5247\u5f88\u795e\u5947\u7684 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-808c9f60b36baa247233664f20b2d8fa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"22\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/> \u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u89e3\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f30b71e7fcec69d119f30f67cf09c975_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#110;&#45;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/> \u7684\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u8b8a\u6578\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-642c26257e430bf7e90d8add64ef0a24_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#78;&#40;&#48;&#44;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"55\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 224px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (9) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-85a37dff3bbecbae4c88ebe85c7400d0_l3.png\" height=\"224\" width=\"359\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#97;&#108;&#105;&#103;&#110;&#42;&#125; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#92;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#125;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#38;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#117;&#109;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#95;&#123;&#105;&#61;&#49;&#125;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#32;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#88;&#95;&#105;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#123;&#88;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#32;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#92; &#38;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#88;&#95;&#49;&#32;&#45;&#88;&#95;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#88;&#95;&#49;&#43;&#88;&#95;&#50;&#45;&#50;&#88;&#95;&#51;&#125;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#50;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#51;&#125;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#92;&#38;&#43;&#32;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#88;&#95;&#49;&#43;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#43;&#88;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#45;&#40;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#41;&#88;&#95;&#110;&#125;&#123;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#109;&#97;&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#40;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#41;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#32;&#110;&#125;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#92; &#38;&#61;&#32;&#89;&#95;&#49;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#89;&#95;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#89;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#92; &#38;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#109;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#94;&#50;&#40;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#41; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#97;&#108;&#105;&#103;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n\u6839\u64da\u5b9a\u7406\u4e00\uff0c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-df7dce7f53758b3114e103302688ad6e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#89;&#95;&#106;&#92;&#115;&#105;&#109;&#32;&#78;&#40;&#48;&#44;&#49;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"96\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>\uff0c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myoceane.fr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0c3f2b58734b86722fbd356f06a4ad46_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#106;&#61;&#49;&#44;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#44;&#110;&#45;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"113\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>\u3002\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u60f3\u8981\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u4e26\u4e14\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u7fd2\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4f8b\u5982\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u63a8\u5c0e\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u53d6\u6750\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u7531 Michael J. Evans and Jeffrey S.Rosenthal \u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u8207\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u9ede\u64ca\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f09\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[161,160,159],"class_list":["post-3344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-probability-and-statistics","tag-n-1","tag-160","tag-159"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>[\u7d71\u8a08] \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u8981\u9664\u4ee5 n-1 ? - \u60f3\u65b9\u6d89\u6cd5 - \u91cf\u74f6\u5916\u7684\u5929\u7a7a M-Y-Oceane<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u672c\u7bc7\u60f3\u8981\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u4e26\u4e14\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u7fd2\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4f8b\u5982\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u63a8\u5c0e\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u53d6\u6750\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u7531 Michael J. 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